Land tortoise care: a guide to keeping them with you for decades

The tortoise is one of the longest-living pets: they can live 50-80 years or more with proper care. They are animals that require a very long-term commitment. Before adopting a tortoise, it's essential to fully understand its needs.

most common species

• Moorish tortoise (Tortoise): The most common in Spain. Protected species: only acquire with CITES documentation.
• Greek tortoise (Testudo hermanni): Similar to the blackberry, which is also protected.
• Russian tortoise (Testudo horsfieldi): Smaller and cold-resistant.

Habitat: the essential needs

• Large terrarium or garden: For an adult tortoise, a terrarium of at least 1m x 0,5m is required. Ideally, it should have access to a sunny outdoor garden.
• UVB lamp: Absolutely essential indoors. Without UVB, the turtle cannot metabolize calcium → bone deformities (MBD, "metabolic bone disease"). UVB lamps must be replaced every 6-12 months even if they are still switched on.
• Temperature: Hot zone 28-35°C, cold zone 20-25°C, night minimum 18°C.
• Substratum: Sand mixed with soil and coconut fiber. Deep enough for digging.

Food

• Herbivorous diet: Mainly leaves and wildflowers (clover, dandelion, fenugreek, hibiscus)
• Dark leafy vegetables: chicory, endive, watercress, escarole
• Supplement with calcium (cuttle bone or calcium powder) 2-3 times per week
• Avoid: Excessive fruit, spinach, chard, iceberg lettuce, protein foods

Hibernation

Mediterranean tortoises hibernate naturally. Hibernation is physiologically necessary but must be managed correctly (temperature, duration, preparation). Poorly managed hibernation can be fatal. Consult an exotic veterinarian the first time.

Conclusion

A well-cared-for tortoise is a true lifelong companion. The biggest mistakes are a lack of UVB light and an inappropriate diet. Before adopting, do your research and make sure you have access to a veterinarian who specializes in reptiles.